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Yphthimoides celmis

Yphthimoides celmis

(Godart, 1824)
Marrón del Pastizal

Family: Nymphalidae
Order: Lepidoptera
Class: Insecta
Phylum / Division: Arthropoda
Kingdom: Animalia

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Other common names: Celmis.





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Records from Camino del medio


Description


This is a medium-sized lepidopteran taxon belonging to the subfamily Satyrinae, with an average wingspan ranging between 32 and 40 millimeters. The dorsal surface of its wings features a uniform, dull brown coloration that serves as highly efficient camouflage against decaying forest floor litter. On the ventral surface, it displays a much more intricate and diagnostic pattern, characterized by a pale grayish-brown background crossed by dark reddish-brown transverse lines. Its most distinguishing feature is a series of postdiscal eyespots (ocelli) aligned on the hindwing; these ocelli have silvery-white double-pupiled centers and are bordered by a prominent pale yellow or orange ring, functioning to redirect predator attacks away from the butterfly´s vital body parts. The antennae are slender, weakly clubbed, and subtly ringed with white.

Geographical distribution: It is widely distributed across the temperate and tropical regions of South America. Its presence is heavily documented along the eastern corridor of Brazil, spanning from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, as well as in northeastern Argentina (principally in the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre Ríos), throughout most of Paraguay, and northern Uruguay. This distribution closely aligns with high-biodiversity biomes as well as ecological transition zones where grasslands meet native forested areas.

Habitat: It predominantly inhabits the edges of subtropical rainforests, clearings within native woodlands, savanna formations like the Cerrado, natural grasslands of the Pampa, and disturbed anthropogenic areas that retain native herbaceous cover. It exhibits a strong preference for shaded understory zones where sunlight filters through the canopy indirectly, avoiding open-canopy areas or sites with extreme direct solar radiation. Its close association with humid microclimates and the abundance of host plants from the Poaceae family strictly dictates its localized habitat boundaries.

Feeding: In its larval stage, it has a strictly specialized phytophagous diet, feeding on the leaves of various grass species belonging to the Poaceae family, particularly within the genera Paspalum and Panicum. In contrast, adults possess a well-developed proboscis used to feed primarily on decaying fruit, sap flows from wounded tree trunks, mineral salts dissolved in wet mud (a behavior known as mud-puddling), and occasionally the nectar of small, low-growing herbaceous flowers.

Behavior: It exhibits a characteristically low, fluttering, and erratic flight pattern, keeping only a few inches above the ground amidst dense vegetation. It is a highly sciophilous species, meaning it prefers to remain in the shade or limit its main activities to dawn and dusk when light intensity is low. Its primary defense mechanism is crypsis; when resting on dry foliage with its wings tightly closed, it blends seamlessly with the surrounding dead leaves.

Reproduction: The reproductive cycle begins with courtship behavior, during which males actively patrol grassy clearings searching for receptive females using visual and chemical cues. Following copulation, the female deposits her eggs individually and dispersedly on the underside of host grass leaves. Upon hatching, the larvae are light green or pale brown with longitudinal stripes and possess characteristic caudal projections on the posterior end of their abdomen. After completing their larval instars, metamorphosis culminates in a suspended pupa (chrysalis) of cryptic coloration that hangs upside down, secured by a cremaster to the plant stems.

Conservation status: It is currently not formally evaluated at the global level by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Nevertheless, at a regional scale, its populations are generally considered stable due to its adaptability to secondary and fragmented habitats. However, the ongoing destruction of the Atlantic Forest and the conversion of native grasslands into agricultural monocultures represent latent threats to the long-term connectivity of its wild populations.



Compilation and publication: EcoRegistros – 02/09/2026




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Page 1
Record IDDateExact timeCountryProvince / departmentPlaceFilmedPhotographedRecorded vocalObservedHeardWounded or deadNumber of individualsUser or BibliographyDetail
43154304/05/2016ArgentinaCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresCamino del medio, Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur (RECS)Gaston Lisandro Gabinetti
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Recommended citation
Please use the following reference when citing this species account.
EcoRegistros. 2026. Yphthimoides celmis – Species account. Accessed from www.ecoregistros.org on 14/09/2026.