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Xolmis irupero

White Monjita


Xolmis irupero

(Vieillot, LJP, 1823)
Monjita Blanca
Noivinha

Family: Tyrannidae
Order: Passeriformes
Class: Aves
Phylum / Division: Chordata
Kingdom: Animalia

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Synonyms: T[yrannus] irupero.

Subspecies:





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Records from Uruguay

Conservation status according to BirdLife International: Least Concern


Description


It is a medium-sized bird of the Tyrannidae family, with a sturdy build and upright posture, easily recognized by its mostly white plumage and confident behavior. The head, neck, and most of the body are white, contrasting sharply with the black wings and tail, which often show pale edges. The bill is short, straight, and dark, typical of flycatchers, while the legs are relatively long and black. Sexual dimorphism is not apparent, and juveniles resemble adults but display duller tones and less sharply defined dark areas.

Geographic distribution: This species is widely distributed across southern South America, occurring in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, and southern Brazil. In Argentina, it is common and widespread, from northern regions to the central-southern part of the country, with frequent records in the Pampas, Litoral, Cuyo, and open areas of northern Patagonia. Its distribution is closely associated with open landscapes.

Habitat: It primarily inhabits open and semi-open environments, including natural grasslands, grazing fields, steppes, rural areas, and roadsides. It readily adapts to human-modified landscapes, often using fences, utility poles, and other artificial structures as elevated perches. Dense forests and closed woodlands are generally avoided, reflecting its preference for open spaces with clear visibility.

Diet: This species is mainly insectivorous, feeding on a wide range of flying and ground-dwelling insects such as beetles, grasshoppers, moths, and winged ants. It may also prey on small vertebrates like lizards and occasionally consume small fruits. Hunting is performed by sallying from a perch, capturing prey in midair or on the ground before returning to the observation point.

Behavior: Known for its bold and territorial behavior, it is often seen perched conspicuously on exposed sites. Compared to many other tyrant flycatchers, it shows a high tolerance of human presence. It is usually observed alone or in pairs, though small groups may form outside the breeding season. Its flight is direct and strong, and it produces simple but noticeable vocalizations used for communication and territory defense.

Nesting: Breeding takes place mainly during spring and summer. The nest is an open cup made of plant fibers, twigs, and soft materials, placed on shrubs, low trees, or artificial structures. Clutches typically consist of 2 to 4 eggs, pale in color with darker markings. Both parents participate in territorial defense and chick provisioning until fledging.

Conservation status: Globally classified as Least Concern, due to its wide range and stable populations. Its adaptability to altered environments has helped maintain numbers, although agricultural intensification and grassland loss may cause localized declines.


Author of this compilation: EcoRegistros – 22/12/2025





Geographic distribution


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Latest feeding records





Species photographs

Last published photographs

Foto
Photography ID: 645324
  Adult

Ruta 81
Lavalleja
Uruguay
07/20/2025
Iván Apellániz
Foto
Photography ID: 628312
  Adult

Piriápolis
Maldonado
Uruguay
03/26/2025
Enrico H. Vicentini
Foto
Photography ID: 624882
  Adult

Laguna de Rocha
Rocha
Uruguay
02/03/2025
Pablo Eguia
Foto
Photography ID: 575861
  Adult

Guazubira norte
Canelones
Uruguay
03/13/2024
Julián Tocce
Foto
Photography ID: 573074
  Adult

Punta Negra
Maldonado
Uruguay
02/23/2024
Enrico H. Vicentini
Foto
Photography ID: 540401
  Adult

Guazú-Virá
Canelones
Uruguay
07/04/2023
Julián Tocce
Foto
Photography ID: 507443
  Adult

Arerunguá
Salto
Uruguay
05/14/2022
Luis Mier
Foto
Photography ID: 480323
  Adult

Camino Higueritas
Lavalleja
Uruguay
01/25/2022
Carlos Crocce
Foto
Photography ID: 458393
  Adult

Humedal Arroyo Maldonado
Maldonado
Uruguay
08/18/2021
Alejandra Pons



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Species vocalizations

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Species reports



 Detail of places sorted by number of records








Page 1
Record IDDateExact timeCountryProvince / departmentPlaceFilmedPhotographedRecorded vocalObservedHeardWounded or deadNumber of individualsUser or BibliographyDetail
253212120/09/2026UruguaySaltoArerunguá-área general2Pablo Bruni
253205420/09/2026UruguaySaltoCamino a Arerunguá1Pablo Bruni
253202720/09/2026UruguaySaltoTajamar camino a Arerunguá1Pablo Bruni
253197020/09/2026UruguaySaltoArroyo Valentín Grande, Ruta 311Pablo Bruni
253011220/09/202607:48UruguaySaltoRuta 31-Coronel Gorgonio Aguiar1Patricia Beatriz Benitez
245909612/04/2026UruguayTacuaremboRuta 261Gabriel Carbajales
245908012/04/2026UruguayTacuaremboCamino de la escuela1Gabriel Carbajales
245900011/04/2026UruguayRiveraVias del tren2Gabriel Carbajales
245896511/04/2026UruguayTacuaremboEstación Laureles1Gabriel Carbajales
245889111/04/2026UruguayTacuaremboEstablecimiento Bichadero, Tacuarembó1Gabriel Carbajales
Page 1

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Recommended citation
Please use the following reference when citing this species account.
EcoRegistros. 2026. White Monjita (Xolmis irupero) – Species account. Accessed from www.ecoregistros.org on 23/09/2026.