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Xolmis irupero

White Monjita


Xolmis irupero

(Vieillot, LJP, 1823)
Monjita Blanca
Noivinha

Family: Tyrannidae
Order: Passeriformes
Class: Aves
Phylum / Division: Chordata
Kingdom: Animalia

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Synonyms: T[yrannus] irupero.

Subspecies:





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Records from Paraguay

Conservation status according to BirdLife International: Least Concern


Description


It is a medium-sized bird of the Tyrannidae family, with a sturdy build and upright posture, easily recognized by its mostly white plumage and confident behavior. The head, neck, and most of the body are white, contrasting sharply with the black wings and tail, which often show pale edges. The bill is short, straight, and dark, typical of flycatchers, while the legs are relatively long and black. Sexual dimorphism is not apparent, and juveniles resemble adults but display duller tones and less sharply defined dark areas.

Geographic distribution: This species is widely distributed across southern South America, occurring in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, and southern Brazil. In Argentina, it is common and widespread, from northern regions to the central-southern part of the country, with frequent records in the Pampas, Litoral, Cuyo, and open areas of northern Patagonia. Its distribution is closely associated with open landscapes.

Habitat: It primarily inhabits open and semi-open environments, including natural grasslands, grazing fields, steppes, rural areas, and roadsides. It readily adapts to human-modified landscapes, often using fences, utility poles, and other artificial structures as elevated perches. Dense forests and closed woodlands are generally avoided, reflecting its preference for open spaces with clear visibility.

Diet: This species is mainly insectivorous, feeding on a wide range of flying and ground-dwelling insects such as beetles, grasshoppers, moths, and winged ants. It may also prey on small vertebrates like lizards and occasionally consume small fruits. Hunting is performed by sallying from a perch, capturing prey in midair or on the ground before returning to the observation point.

Behavior: Known for its bold and territorial behavior, it is often seen perched conspicuously on exposed sites. Compared to many other tyrant flycatchers, it shows a high tolerance of human presence. It is usually observed alone or in pairs, though small groups may form outside the breeding season. Its flight is direct and strong, and it produces simple but noticeable vocalizations used for communication and territory defense.

Nesting: Breeding takes place mainly during spring and summer. The nest is an open cup made of plant fibers, twigs, and soft materials, placed on shrubs, low trees, or artificial structures. Clutches typically consist of 2 to 4 eggs, pale in color with darker markings. Both parents participate in territorial defense and chick provisioning until fledging.

Conservation status: Globally classified as Least Concern, due to its wide range and stable populations. Its adaptability to altered environments has helped maintain numbers, although agricultural intensification and grassland loss may cause localized declines.


Author of this compilation: EcoRegistros – 22/12/2025





Geographic distribution


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Species photographs

Last published photographs

Foto
Photography ID: 341649
  Adult

Chaco Paraguayo
Boquerón
Paraguay
12/29/2017
Fernando Naifleisch
Foto
Photography ID: 329678
  Adult

Asunción
Central
Paraguay
04/19/2019
Jorge Sarubbi Künzle
Foto
Photography ID: 285432
  Adult

Vallemi
Concepción
Paraguay
07/16/2017
Analía Gonzalez
Foto
Photography ID: 231492
  Adult

Fuerte San Carlos del Apa
Concepción
Paraguay
07/14/2017
Analía Gonzalez
Foto
Photography ID: 176014
  Adult

Ruta 12
Presidente Hayes
Paraguay
11/13/2016
Jorge Sarubbi Künzle
Foto
Photography ID: 128889
  Adult

Ayolas
Misiones
Paraguay
12/08/2015
Roberto Fermín Derna



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Species vocalizations

Last vocalizations published



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Species videos

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Species reports



 Detail of places sorted by number of records








Page 1
Record IDDateExact timeCountryProvince / departmentPlaceFilmedPhotographedRecorded vocalObservedHeardWounded or deadNumber of individualsUser or BibliographyDetail
250132821/07/2026ParaguayPresidente HayesPy051Hugo Caverzasi
242260425/01/2026ParaguaySan PedroZona Aldea 2, Col. Volendam, San Pedro, Py1Dominic Oviedo Löwen
242256325/01/2026ParaguaySan PedroZona estancias, Col. Volendam, San Pedro, Py3Dominic Oviedo Löwen
242169724/01/202607:46ParaguayConcepciónPaso Horqueta-Santa LuciaDominic Oviedo Löwen
242168524/01/202607:39ParaguayConcepciónPY22Dominic Oviedo Löwen
242245523/01/2026ParaguayConcepciónRuta Campito - San Carlos del Apa, Concepción, Py (9)1Dominic Oviedo Löwen
236409417/08/202514:29ParaguayCordilleraRuta Caraguatay - Mbokajaty del Yhaguy, Mbocayaty del Yhaguy1Dominic Oviedo Löwen
232462122/07/202508:07ParaguaySan PedroCamino sin nombrar1Dominic Oviedo Löwen
232238018/07/202510:52ParaguaySan PedroPY222Dominic Oviedo Löwen
232137816/07/202510:17ParaguayItapúaAvenida Costanera, Carmen del paraná1Dominic Oviedo Löwen
Page 1

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Recommended citation
Please use the following reference when citing this species account.
EcoRegistros. 2026. White Monjita (Xolmis irupero) – Species account. Accessed from www.ecoregistros.org on 21/09/2026.