Polybia is a genus of eusocial wasps ranging from Central to South America (Mexico to Brazil, Argentina). Some produce enough honey to be collected and eaten by local people.

Species: There are 59 extant species of Polybia divided into 11 subgenera.

Polybia (Alpha) de Saussure, 1854: 

• Polybia bifasciata Saussure, 1854
• Polybia signata Ducke, 1910
• Polybia quadricincta Saussure, 1854

Polybia (Apopolybia) Richards, 1978: 

• Polybia jurinei Saussure, 1854
• Polybia simillima Smith, 1862

Polybia (Cylindroeca) Richards, 1978: 

• Polybia dimidiata (Olivier, 1791)

Polybia (Formicicola) Richards, 1978: 

• Polybia rejecta (Fabricius, 1798)

Polybia (Furnariana) Richards, 1978: 

• Polybia furnaria Ihering, 1904
• Polybia richardsi Cooper, 1993

Polybia (Myrapetra) White, 1841 : 

• Polybia aequatorialis Zavattari, 1906
• Polybia barbouri Bequard, 1943
• Polybia belemensis Richards, 1970
• Polybia bicyttarella Richards, 1951
• Polybia bistriata (Fabricius, 1804)
• Polybia catillifex Moebius, 1856
• Polybia dimorpha Richards, 1978
• Polybia divisoria Richards, 1978
• Polybia erythrothorax Richards, 1978
• Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure, 1854
• Polybia ficaria Richards, 1978
• Polybia flavifrons Smith, 1857
• Polybia juruana Ihering, 1904
• Polybia nidulatrix Bequard, 1933
• Polybia occidentalis (Olivier, 1791)
• Polybia parvulina Richards, 1970
• Polybia paulista Ihering, 1896
• Polybia platycephala Richards, 1951
• Polybia plebeja Saussure, 1867
• Polybia roraimae Raw, 2000
• Polybia ruficeps Schrottky, 1902
• Polybia scrobalis Richards, 1970
• Polybia scutellaris (White, 1841)
• Polybia selvana Carpenter, 2002

Polybia (Pedothoeca) Richards, 1978: 

• Polybia brunnea (Curtis, 1844)
• Polybia emaciata Lucas, 1879
• Polybia singularis Ducke, 1909
• Polybia spinifex Richards, 1978

Polybia (Platypolybia) Richards, 1978: 

• Polybia incerta Ducke, 1907
• Polybia procellosa Zavattari, 1906

Polybia (Polybia) Lepeletier, 1836: 

• Polybia liliacea (Fabricius, 1804)
• Polybia striata (Fabricius, 1787)

Polybia (Synoecoides) Ducke, 1905: 

• Polybia depressa (Ducke, 1905)

Polybia (Trichinothorax) Carpenter & Day, 1988: 

• Polybia affinis Buysson, 1908
• Polybia batesi Richards, 1978
• Polybia chrysothorax (Lichtenstein)
• Polybia eberhardae Cooper, 1993
• Polybia flavitincta Fox, 1898
• Polybia gorytoides Fox, 1898
• Polybia ignobilis (Haliday, 1836)
• Polybia lugubris Saussure, 1854
• Polybia micans Ducke, 1904
• Polybia minarum Ducke, 1906
• Polybia nigrina Richards, 1978
• Polybia punctata Buysson, 1908
• Polybia raui Bequard, 1933
• Polybia rufitarsis Ducke, 1904
• Polybia sericea (Olivier, 1792)
• Polybia tinctipennis Fox, 1898
• Polybia velutina Ducke, 1907

Fossil species: 

• Polybia anglica Cockerell, 1921
• Polybia oblita Cockerell, 1921