Oenothera curtiflora (syn. Gaura parviflora), known as velvetweed, velvety gaura, downy gaura, or smallflower gaura, is a species of flowering plant native to the central United States and northern Mexico, from Nebraska and Wyoming south to Durango and Nuevo Leon.

Taxonomy: Oenothera curtiflora was long known as Gaura parviflora, this name being published in 1830 and for a long time considered the correct name for the species. However, an overlooked but validly published name G. mollis had been published earlier by Edwin James in 1823. A proposal was made to conserve the name G. parviflora over G. mollis, and this was accepted by the International Botanical Congress Committee for Spermatophyta. In 2007 it was moved to the genus Oenothera by Warren Lambert Wagner and Peter Coonan Hoch as Oenothera curtiflora. The genus Gaura created by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 is a synonym of Oenothera according to Plants of the World Online (POWO).

Oenothera curtiflora has synonyms, six of them species, according to POWO.

Table of Synonyms	Name	Year	Rank	Notes
Griseb.}}	1879	species	= het.
Scheele}}	1848	species	= het.
(Spach) D.Dietr.}}	1840	species	= het.
E.James}}	1823	species	= het., nom. utique rej.
Douglas ex Lehm.}}	1830	species	≡ hom.
Munz}}	1938	variety	≡ hom.
Munz}}	1938	form	= het.
Weath.}}	1925	variety	= het.
Spach}}	1835	species	= het.
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym

 It is an annual plant growing to 0.2–2 m (rarely 3 m) tall, unbranched, or if branched, only below the flower spikes. The leaves are long, lance-shaped, and are covered with soft hair. The flower spikes are long, covered with green flower buds, which open at night or before dawn with small flowers diameter with four pink petals.

Uses: Among the Zuni people, fresh or dried root would be chewed by medicine man before sucking snakebite and poultice applied to wound.

Introduction: It is naturalized and often invasive in other parts of the United States, and in Australia, China, Japan, and South America.