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Neolema dorsalis

Neolema dorsalis

(Olivier, 1791)

Family: Chrysomelidae
Order: Coleoptera
Class: Insecta
Phylum / Division: Arthropoda
Kingdom: Animalia

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Synonyms: Lema dorsalis.





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Description


It belongs to the leaf beetle family and is characterized as a small coleopteran measuring approximately 4.5 to 6.0 millimeters in body length. It features an oblong body with a pronotum that is strongly constricted in its middle section, which is a diagnostic morphological trait of the subfamily Criocerinae. Its coloration is remarkably eye-catching, displaying a pattern where the elytra are a bright yellow or orange, divided by a distinctive metallic blue-black longitudinal stripe running along the elytral suture from the base to the posterior apex. The head and antennae are typically dark black, while the pronotum stands out due to its bright reddish-brown or orange hue. Its legs are robust and predominantly dark, efficiently adapted for clinging securely to the foliage of the plants on which it feeds.

Geographical distribution: This species has a wide Neotropical and Nearctic distribution range within the American continent. It is distributed from the southern United States, particularly in humid states such as Florida and Texas, extending throughout Mexico, Central America, and reaching various regions of South America, with confirmed biological records in countries like Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil, and northern Argentina. Its dispersal is highly dependent on the presence of its host plants, allowing it to colonize a wide variety of tropical and subtropical latitudes where these plant communities thrive naturally or as introduced species.

Habitat: It primarily inhabits open and humid areas, such as tropical forest edges, trail margins, seasonal wetlands, wet grasslands, agricultural fields, and urban or suburban gardens. Its presence is strictly conditioned by microclimates with moderate to high relative humidity, which favor the vigorous growth of plants belonging to the commelinaceous family. It is uncommon to find this insect in arid or desert environments unless there are artificial water sources or constant irrigation that allow the establishment of the flora on which it relies for survival.

Feeding: It is a strictly phytophagous insect in both its larval and adult stages. It specializes almost exclusively on plants in the Commelinaceae family, showing a strong preference for the genus Commelina (commonly known as dayflowers), including species such as Commelina diffusa and Commelina erecta. Adults feed by chewing the foliar tissue, leaving characteristic holes or ragged edges on the leaves. Meanwhile, the larvae voraciously consume the leaf epidermis, significantly reducing the photosynthetic capacity of the host plant when insect population densities are high.

Behavior: It exhibits predominantly diurnal habits, being highly active during the hours of peak sunlight, during which it performs short flights between plants or crawls in search of food and mates. As a passive defense mechanism against predators like birds or wasps, adults practice thanatosis, quickly dropping to the ground where they remain motionless, feigning death. However, the most astonishing behavior is displayed by the larvae, which construct a fecal shield over their dorsum using their own frass mixed with glandular secretions. This shield acts as a highly unpleasant physical and chemical barrier that effectively deters attacks from ants and other natural predators.

Reproduction: The reproductive cycle begins with courtship and mating on the upper or lower surfaces of the host leaves. After fertilization, the female deposits small, oblong, yellow-orange eggs, which she glues individually or in small aligned clusters on the underside of the host leaves, ensuring an immediate food source for the offspring. After an incubation period of just a few days, the larvae emerge and pass through several developmental instars while feeding continuously. At the end of the larval stage, they construct a whitish, frothy, parchment-like pupa (puparium) attached to the plant stems or among leaf litter on the ground, where they undergo complete metamorphosis until the emergence of the new adult.

Conservation status: Currently, this species has not been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and therefore lacks an official category on the Red List. However, due to its vast geographical distribution, its adaptability to human-modified environments, and the abundance of its host plants, its populations are considered stable and do not face significant threats that jeopardize its survival in the medium or long term.



Compilation and publication: EcoRegistros – 30/09/2026




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Foto
Photography ID: 319182
  Adult

San Vicente
Buenos Aires
Argentina
02/25/2019
Mariano Kildegaard



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Page 1
Record IDDateExact timeCountryProvince / departmentPlaceFilmedPhotographedRecorded vocalObservedHeardWounded or deadNumber of individualsUser or BibliographyDetail
89023425/02/2019ArgentinaBuenos AiresAlejandro Korn, San Vicente1Mariano Kildegaard
Page 1

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Recommended citation
Please use the following reference when citing this species account.
EcoRegistros. 2026. Neolema dorsalis – Species account. Accessed from www.ecoregistros.org on 01/10/2026.