Lobularia maritima (syn.
Alyssum maritimum) is a species of low-growing flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. Its common name is
sweet alyssum or , also commonly referred to as just
alyssum (from the genus
Alyssum in which it was formerly classified).
Etymology: The genus name
Lobularia comes from a Greek word meaning ´small pod,´ referring to the shape of the fruits; the obsolete
Alyssum can be translated as ´lack of madness,´ referencing the historical use of the herb as a treatment against rabies. The name of the species
maritima refers to its preferred coastal habitat.
Lobularia maritima is an annual plant (rarely a short-lived perennial plant) growing to tall by broad. The stem is very branched, with dense clusters of small flowers. The leaves are 1–4 cm long and 3–5 mm, broad, alternate, sessile, quite hairy, oval to lanceolate, with an entire margin.
The flowers are about 5 mm in diameter, sweet-smelling, with an aroma similar to that of honey, with four white rounded petals (or pink, rose-red, violet. yellow and lilac) and four sepals. The six stamens have yellow anthers. The flowers are produced throughout the growing season, or year-round in areas free of frost. They are pollinated by insects (entomophily) as its sweet honey-like fragrance is attractive to bees, flower flies, stingless wasps and butterflies. The fruits are numerous elongated seedpods rather hairy, oval to rounded, each containing two seeds. The dispersal of seed is affected by the wind (anemochory).
Distribution: This plant is native to the Mediterranean Basin and the Macaronesia region: (Canary Islands, Madeira, Cape Verde). It is widely naturalized elsewhere in the temperate world, including the United States. There is an endemic subspecies in the local flora of the Columbretes Islands of the western Mediterranean.
Habitat: It is common on sandy beaches and dunes, but can also grow on cultivated fields, walls, slopes and waste ground, preferably on calcareous soil, at an altitude of above sea level.
Cultivation: Lobularia maritima is cultivated in gardens, with many horticultural varieties with purple or pink flowers. The plant is best planted in early spring, but requires little maintenance when growing. Although an annual, it may reseed in temperate climates. It will flower more profusely if spent blooms are trimmed. When grown in gardens, it is typically used as groundcover, as it rarely grows higher than 20 cm tall. It is also grown in cracks in paving and walls, and is especially associated with coastal locations. It prefers partial shade, and is highly resistant to heat and drought. Plants with darker-colored flowers do better in cooler temperatures.
Cultivars: (Those marked have gained the Royal Horticultural Society´s Award of Garden Merit.)
- ´Snow Cloth´ (white)
- ´Royal Carpet´ (purple)
- ´Benthamii´
- ´Carpet of Snow´
- ´Easter Bonnet Violet´
- Golf Series
- ´Little Dorrit´
- ´Navy Blue´
- ´New Carpet of Snow´
- ´Oriental Nights´
- ´Rosie O´Day´
- ´Snow Crystals´
- ´Snowdrift´
- ´Sweet White´
- ´Tiny Tim´
- ´Violet Queen´
- ´Wonderland Copper´
- ´Wonderland White´
Uses: The petals, leaves, and tender stems of the plant can be eaten raw or cooked.