This is a medium-sized, robustly built anuran characterized by a snout-vent length ranging from 45 to 56 mm in adult males, while adult females are slightly larger, reaching between 50 and 63 mm. The head is moderately elongated with a somewhat pointed snout that projects slightly beyond the lower jaw. Its most distinctive diagnostic feature is a conspicuous light-colored, whitish-to-yellowish stripe running along the upper lip, resembling a mustache, which is sharply bordered above by a dark stripe running from the nostril, beneath the eye, to the base of the forelimb. The dorsum displays a variable coloration, usually ranging from light brown, grayish, to reddish-brown, often adorned with symmetrical darker markings and a characteristic dark triangular pattern between the eyes. It possesses a pair of prominent, well-defined dorsolateral folds extending from behind the eyes to the inguinal region. The hind limbs are long and patterned with dark transverse bars, while the toes lack significant webbing, reflecting its highly terrestrial lifestyle.
Geographical distribution: This species is widely distributed across the south-central regions of South America. Its geographic range encompasses vast territories in Brazil (extending from the northeastern states down to Rio Grande do Sul), the entirety of Uruguay, central and northern Argentina (reaching as far south as La Pampa and Buenos Aires provinces), a significant portion of Paraguay and eastern Bolivia. This extensive distribution covers major ecological biomes including the biodiverse Cerrado, the semi-arid Caatinga, the dry forest of the Chaco and the vast grasslands of the Pampas.
Habitat: It primarily inhabits open and transitional ecosystems, demonstrating a remarkable tolerance to human-modified environments. It is frequently encountered in humid grasslands, savannas, shrublands, dry forest edges and agricultural landscapes such as pastures and crop fields. Although strictly terrestrial, its presence is highly dependent on the proximity of temporary water bodies, such as rainwater pools, roadside ditches and natural depressions that accumulate seasonal rainfall, which are crucial for the development of its larval stage.
Feeding: This anuran has a generalist and opportunistic diet, feeding exclusively on a wide variety of terrestrial invertebrates. Its hunting strategy relies on active sit-and-wait foraging during periods of high humidity. Its prey consists mainly of various arthropods, with a strong preference for coleopterans (beetles), hymenopterans (specifically ants), orthopterans (crickets and grasshoppers), spiders and occasionally earthworms and small snails. It captures its prey using a rapid projection of its sticky, bifid tongue, swallowing the target whole due to its wide mouth gape.
Behavior: It exhibits predominantly nocturnal and terrestrial habits. During the day, to prevent dehydration and avoid predators, it seeks shelter beneath fallen logs, rocks, dense leaf litter or inside underground burrows that it either digs itself or opportunistically occupies from small mammals. Surface activity peaks during and immediately after heavy rainfall events. It is during these wet periods that males advertise their presence by emitting a distinctive call, which is a short, high-pitched, repetitive whistle produced from the ground or while partially concealed in low vegetation.
Reproduction: The reproductive cycle is highly synchronized with the rainy season and showcases an evolutionary adaptation to dry-prone environments. Males construct small, moist underground mud chambers or basins in soil depressions that are prone to future flooding. Within these subterranean chambers, amplexus occurs, and the female deposits her eggs embedded in a dense gelatinous foam nest, which she beats into shape using her hind legs. This foam protects the developing embryos from desiccation and terrestrial predators. When subsequent torrential rains flood these nesting chambers, the newly hatched tadpoles are washed into the adjacent temporary pools, where they undergo rapid development and metamorphosis before the water bodies dry out.
Conservation status: It is currently classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This status is justified by its exceptionally wide geographic distribution, presumed large and stable populations and its high adaptability to anthropically altered landscapes, meaning it does not face any major immediate threats of extinction.
Compilation and publication: EcoRegistros – 16/09/2026