Brachistosternus is a scorpion genus in the Bothriuridae family. B. ehrenbergii is the most cited species in the genus. The genus is distributed in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru.

Species: Brachistosternus contains the following fifty species:

• Brachistosternus aconcagua Ojanguren Affilastro & Luisa-Scioscia, 2007
• Brachistosternus alienus Lönnberg, 1898
• Brachistosternus anandrovestigia Ojanguren Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018
• Brachistosternus andinus Chamberlin, 1916
• Brachistosternus angustimanus Ojanguren Affilastro & Roig Alsina, 2001
• Brachistosternus artigasi Cekalovic, 1974
• Brachistosternus barrigai Ojanguren Affilastro & Pizarro-Araya, 2014
• Brachistosternus castroi Mello-Leitao, 1940 (nomen dubium)
• Brachistosternus cekalovici Ojanguren Affilastro, 2005
• Brachistosternus cepedai Ojanguren Affilastro, Augusto, Pizarro-Araya & Mattoni, 2007
• Brachistosternus chango Ojanguren Affilastro, Mattoni & Prendini, 2007
• Brachistosternus chilensis Kraepelin, 1911
• Brachistosternus chimba Ojanguren Affilastro, Alfaro & Pizarro-Araya, 2021
• Brachistosternus contisuyu Ojanguren Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018
• Brachistosternus coquimbo Ojanguren Affilastro, Augusto, Pizarro-Araya & Mattoni, 2007
• Brachistosternus donosoi Cekalovic, 1974
• Brachistosternus ehrenbergii (Gervais, 1841)
• Brachistosternus ferrugineus (Thorell, 1876)
• Brachistosternus gayi Ojanguren Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018
• Brachistosternus galianoae Ojanguren Affilastro, 2002
• Brachistosternus holmbergi Carbonell, 1923 (nomen dubium)
• Brachistosternus intermedius Lönnberg, 1902
• Brachistosternus kamanchaca Ojanguren Affilastro, Mattoni & Prendini, 2007
• Brachistosternus kovariki Ojanguren Affilastro, 2003
• Brachistosternus llullaillaco Ojanguren Affilastro, Alfaro & Pizarro-Araya, 2021
• Brachistosternus mattonii Ojanguren Affilastro, 2005
• Brachistosternus misti Ojanguren Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018
• Brachistosternus montanus Roig Alsina, 1977
• Brachistosternus multidentatus Maury, 1984
• Brachistosternus negrei Cekalovic, 1975
• Brachistosternus ninapo Ochoa, 2004
• Brachistosternus ochoai Ojanguren Affilastro, 2004
• Brachistosternus paposo Ojanguren Affilastro & Pizarro-Araya, 2014
• Brachistosternus paulae Ojanguren Affilastro, 2003
• Brachistosternus pegnai Cekalovic, 1969
• Brachistosternus pentheri Mello-Leitao, 1931
• Brachistosternus perettii Ojanguren Affilastro & Mattoni, 2006
• Brachistosternus peruvianus Toledo Piza, 1974
• Brachistosternus philippii Ojanguren Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018
• Brachistosternus piacentinii Ojanguren Affilastro, 2003
• Brachistosternus prendinii Ojanguren Affilastro, 2003
• Brachistosternus quiscapata Ochoa & Acosta, 2002
• Brachistosternus roigalsinai Ojanguren Affilastro, 2002
• Brachistosternus sciosciae Ojanguren Affilastro, 2002
• Brachistosternus simoneae Lourenço, 2000 (nomen dubium)
• Brachistosternus telteca Ojanguren Affilastro, 2000
• Brachistosternus titicaca Ochoa & Acosta, 2002
• Brachistosternus turpuq Ochoa, 2002
• Brachistosternus weyenberghi (Thorell, 1876)
• Brachistosternus zambrunoi Ojanguren Affilastro, 2002