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Asthenoctenus borellii

Asthenoctenus borellii


Family: Ctenidae
Order: Araneae
Class: Arachnida
Phylum / Division: Arthropoda
Kingdom: Animalia

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Description


Belongs to the family Ctenidae, characterized as a medium-sized wandering spider, with females reaching a body length of approximately 12 to 18 millimeters, while males are slightly smaller and more slender, measuring between 10 and 14 millimeters. The carapace exhibits a predominantly yellowish-brown to dark brown coloration, adorned with a distinct, lighter longitudinal median band and thin, dark lateral stripes. The abdomen is oval-shaped, displaying a complex dorsal pattern of dark chevron-like markings over a pale beige background. Its legs are long, robust, and equipped with strong spines adapted for rapid cursorial movement and prey capture, displaying a pattern of dark and light alternating bands especially visible on the ventral side of the femora. The eye arrangement is typical of the family, arranged in three rows (2-4-2), which provides them with excellent visual acuity for nocturnal hunting. Their chelicerae are strong, armed with small teeth on the inner margins, and equipped with venom glands capable of rapidly immobilizing prey.

Geographical distribution: Occurs in the Southern Cone of South America, spanning extensive forested and transitional zones in southern and southeastern Brazil (particularly in states such as Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo), northeastern Argentina (primarily in the Misiones province and adjacent areas of Corrientes), as well as various humid, temperate regions of Paraguay and Uruguay. This distribution pattern is closely linked to humid forest ecosystems where microclimatic conditions remain stable throughout the year.

Habitat: Primarily inhabits the understory of temperate forests and subtropical rainforests, showing a strong association with the Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) ecosystem and gallery forests. It prefers terrestrial microhabitats characterized by a thick layer of leaf litter, fallen branches, decaying logs, and crevices in the soil or under rocks. Its presence is highly dependent on shaded, humid environments that maintain moderate temperatures and offer protection against desiccation and aerial predators. Although strictly ground-dwelling, individuals may occasionally climb low vegetation or shrubs during their nightly foraging activities.

Feeding: Functions as an active, generalist predator with strictly carnivorous habits, utilizing no capture webs to trap prey. Its diet consists of a wide variety of ground-dwelling invertebrates, including crickets, cockroaches, beetles, flies, and various insect larvae, as well as smaller spiders. It hunts using a combination of sit-and-wait and active pursuit strategies, detecting prey through substrate vibrations perceived by trichobothria and slit sensilla, supplemented by its sharp vision adapted to low-light conditions. Upon locating a prey item, it lunges forward with high speed, grasping the insect with its strong front legs and injecting venom with its chelicerae to liquefy internal tissues before consuming the fluid nutrients.

Behavior: Exhibits strictly nocturnal and solitary habits, spending daylight hours hidden under leaf litter, rotting logs, or rocks to prevent dehydration and avoid predation by birds and small mammals. At nightfall, it emerges to actively explore its territory for food or potential mates. It is a fast and agile runner, capable of covering significant distances across the forest floor. It is not aggressive towards humans; when threatened, its primary response is rapid escape into deep vegetation or remaining motionless, leveraging its cryptic coloration against the substrate, though it may bite if compressed or handled roughly.

Reproduction: The reproductive cycle begins with a complex courtship ritual in which the male locates the female by following chemical cues (pheromones) found on her silk draglines. To prevent cannibalism, the male performs rhythmic abdominal vibrations and taps the substrate with his pedipalps as a pacifying signal. Once accepted, mating occurs, and the male transfers sperm from his palpal organs to the female´s epigynum. The fertilized female subsequently constructs a dense, whitish silk egg sac containing dozens of eggs. Displaying remarkable maternal care, the female carries the egg sac attached to her spinnerets or chelicerae, or guards it within a silk-lined retreat until the spiderlings hatch. The young undergo several successive molts before reaching maturity, dispersing shortly after hatching to avoid cannibalism.

Conservation status: Is not currently evaluated on the IUCN Red List (Not Evaluated - NE). Nonetheless, local populations face significant threats associated with the loss, fragmentation, and degradation of native forest habitats due to agricultural expansion, urbanization, and deforestation within the Atlantic Forest. Preserving continuous forest reserves and maintaining natural leaf litter layers are critical ecological factors for ensuring the long-term survival of this species across its range.



Compilation and publication: EcoRegistros – 30/09/2026




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Foto
Photography ID: 429500
 
Santa Fe
Santa Fe
Argentina
06/30/2017
Gustavo Fernando Durán



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Page 1
Record IDDateExact timeCountryProvince / departmentPlaceFilmedPhotographedRecorded vocalObservedHeardWounded or deadNumber of individualsUser or BibliographyDetail
246110519/04/202619:00ArgentinaSanta FeAvenida General López 3681, Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz1Gustavo Fernando Durán
226210702/08/202419:32ArgentinaSanta FeAvenida General López 3681, Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz1Gustavo Fernando Durán
157769604/05/2022ArgentinaSanta FeAvenida General López 3681, Santa Fe1Gustavo Fernando Durán
146080112/09/2021ArgentinaSanta FeAvenida General López 3681, Santa Fe1Gustavo Fernando Durán
134953230/06/2017ArgentinaSanta FeAvenida General López 3681, Santa Fe1Gustavo Fernando Durán
196355423/03/2013ArgentinaSanta FeParque del Sur "General Manuel Belgrano", Santa Fe1Gustavo Fernando Durán
Page 1

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Recommended citation
Please use the following reference when citing this species account.
EcoRegistros. 2026. Asthenoctenus borellii – Species account. Accessed from www.ecoregistros.org on 01/10/2026.